TEXT 1
Dhritarashtra uvaca dharma-kshetre kuru-kshetre samaveta yuyutsavah mamakah pandavas caiva kim akurvata sanjaya TRANSLATION Dhritarashtra said: O Sanjaya, assembled at the holy-field and place of pilgrimage of Kurukshetra, raring to fight, what did my sons and the sons of Pandu do?
TEXT 2
Sanjaya uvaca drishtva tu pandavanikam vyudham duryodhanas tada acaryam upasangamya raja vacanam abravit TRANSLATION Sanjaya said: O Dhrtarastra! After seeing the army of the Pandavas arranged in a military array, overwhelmed King Duryodhana went to Dronacharya and spoke these words:
TEXT 3
Pasyaitam pandu-putranam acarya mahatim camum vyudham drupada-putrena tava sisyena dhimata TRANSLATION O My Respected Preceptor! Behold the enormous army of the sons of Pandu, arrayed by your wise pupil Dhrstadyumna, the son of Drupada
TEXT 4
atra sura mahesv-asa bhimarjuna-sama yudhi
yuyudhano viratas ca drupadas ca maha-rathah
TRANSLATION
In the army of Pandavas are many mighty bowmen skilled in warfare alike Bhima and Arjuna such as great chariot warrior Satyaki, Virata and Drupada.
TEXT 5
dhrishtaketus cekitanah kasirajas ca viryavan
purujit kuntibhojas ca sa ibyas ca narapungavah
TRANSLATION
Dhrshtaketu, Cekitana, the powerful king of Kasi, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and Saibya, the Best of men, are there.
TEXT 6
yudhamanyus ca vikranta uttamaujas ca viryavan
saubhadro draupadeyas ca sarva eva maha-rathah
TRANSLATION
There are the extremely powerful Yudhamanyu, vigorous Uttamauja, Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra and the sons of Draupadi. All these are great chariot warriors and commanders of large armies.
TEXT 7
asmakam tu visista ye tan nibodha dvijottama
nayaka mama sainyasya samjnartham tan bravimi te
TRANSLATION
O Best of the Brahmana! Know the main commanders and warriors of my army. For your information, I tell you the names of them.
TEXT 8
bhavan bhismas ca karnas ca kripas ca samitim-jayah
ashvatthama vikarnas ca saumadattis tathaiva ca
TRANSLATION
Yourself, Bhishma, Karna, Krpa, Asvatthama, Vikarna and the son of Soumadatti (Bhurisrava) are always victorious in battle.
TEXT 9
anye ca bahavah sura mad-arthe tyakta-jivitah
nana-shastra-praharanah sarve yuddha-visaradah
TRANSLATION
There are many other heroes in my army who are ready to sacrifice their lives for my sake, who are well equipped with varied weapons and missiles, and all are skilled in warfare.
TEXT 10
aparyaptam tad asmakam balam bhismabhiraksitam
paryaptam tv idam etesam balam bhimabhiraksitam
TRANSLATION
The strength of our army is lacking as we are protected by Bhishma who is aged and is well-wisher of both sides whereas the strength of Pandavas being mobilised by Bhima, who is the principal supporter of his side, is adequate.
TEXT 11
ayanesu ca sarveshu yatha-bhagam avasthitah
bhismam evabhirakshantu bhavantah sarva eva hi
TRANSLATION
Now all of you stand in your respective points on all fronts, must guard Bhishma from all sides.
TEXT 12
tasya sanjanayan harsam kuru-vrddhah pitamahah
simha-nadam vinadyoccaih sankham dadhmau pratapavan
TRANSLATION
Then Bhishma, the great old and glorious man of the Kuru dynasty and the grandfather of the army, cheering Duryodhana, blew his conch very loudly, sounding like the roar of a lion.
TEXT 13
tatah sankhas ca bheryas ca panavanaka-gomukhah
sahasaivabhyahanyanta sa shabdas tumulo ’bhavat
TRANSLATION
Then, the conch, drums, tabors, trumpets and cow-horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.
TEXT 14
tatah svetair hayair yukte mahati syandane sthitau
madhavah pandavas caiva divyau sankhau pradadhmatuh
TRANSLATION
Then, both Lord Krishna and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conch.
TEXT 15
pancajanyam hrsikeso
devadattam dhananjayah
paundram dadhmau maha-sankham
bhima-karma vrkodarah
TRANSLATION
Lord Krishna (Hrsikesa) blew His conch, called Pancajanya, Arjuna (Dhananjaya) blew his conch called Devadatta and Bhima (Vrkodara), of terrific deeds, blew his conchshell the Paundra.
TEXT 16
anantavijayam raja kunti-putro yudhisthirah
nakulah sahadevas ca sughosa-manipuspakau
TRANSLATION
King Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, blew his conch Anantavijaya while Nakula and Sahadeva blew their conch Sughosa and Manipuspaka respectively.
TEXT 17-18
kasyas ca paramesv-asah
sikhandi ca maha-rathah
dhrishtadyumno viratas ca
satyakis caparajitah
drupado draupadeyas ca
sarvasah prithivi-pate
saubhadras ca maha-bahuh
sankhan dadhmuh prithak prithak
TRANSLATION
Great archer the King of Kasi, great warrior Sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna and Virata, invincible Satyaki, King Drupada, as well as five sons of Draupadi and the Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra blew their respective conchs.
TEXT 19
sa ghoso dhartarastranam hridayani vyadarayat
nabhas ca prithivim caiva tumulo ’bhyanunadayan
TRANSLATION
The sound of the conches became terrible. The noice echoing through the sky and the earth shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhritarashtra.
TEXT 20
atha vyavasthitan drishtva dhartarastran kapi-dhvajah
pravrtte shastra-sampate dhanur udyamya pandavah
hrishikesham tada vakyam idam aha mahi-pate
TRANSLATION
Now, at that time Arjuna, the son of Pandu who was seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanuman took up his bow and prepared to shoot. O King, after looking at Dhritarashtra’s sons placed in their positions infront of him, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Krishna these words.
TEXT 21-22
arjuna uvaca
senayor ubhayor madhye ratham sthapaya me ’cyuta
yavad etan nirikse ’ham yoddhu-kaman avasthitan
kair maya saha yoddhavyam asmin rana-samudyame
TRANSLATION
Arjuna said:
O Infallible One! Please draw my chariot between the two armies and hold it there, till I see who are present and who desire to fight, and with whom I must wage this war.
TEXT 23
yotsyamanan avekse ’ham ya ete ’tra samagatah
dhartarastrasya durbuddher yuddhe priya-cikirsavah
TRANSLATION
Let me watch those, the well wisher’s of evil minded Duryodhana, who have assembled here along with their armies and are ready to fight.
TEXT 24
sanjaya uvaca
evam ukto hrsikeso gudakesena bharata
senayor ubhayor madhye sthapayitva rathottamam
TRANSLATION
Sanjay said:
"O Bharata (Son of Bharat)!" Having addressed by Arjuna (Gudakesa), Lord Krishna (Hrsikesa) placed the marvelous chariot in the middle of the two armies.
TEXT 25
bhisma-drona-pramukhatah sarvesam ca mahi-ksitam
uvaca partha pasyaitan samavetan kurun iti
TRANSLATION
After placing the chariot in front of Bhishma, Drona and all the other chieftains of the world, Lord Krishna said "O Partha! Behold all the Kurus assembled here".
TEXT 26
tatrapasyat sthitan parthah pitrn atha pitamahan
acaryan matulan bhratrnputran pautran sakhims tatha
svasuran suhridas caiva senayor ubhayor api
TRANSLATION
Standing in the middle of the two Armies laced with weapons, Arjuna saw his elders, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, cousins, sons, grandsons, friends, and fathers-in-law and well-wishers.
TEXT 27
tan samiksya sa kaunteyah sarvan bandhun avasthitan
kripaya parayavisto visidann idam abravit
TRANSLATION
When Arjuna, son of Kuntī, saw all those relations as friends and relatives present there, he became overwhelmed with compassion and sadly spoke these words.
TEXT 28
arjuna uvaca
drstvemam sva-janam Krsna
yuyutsum samupasthitam
sidanti mama gatrani
mukham ca parisusyati
TRANSLATION
O Krishna! After seeing my friends and relatives placed on their respective positions here who are eager to wage a war, my limbs are quivering and my mouth is parched.
TEXT 29
vepathus ca sarire meroma-harsas ca jayate
gandivam sramsate hastat tvak caiva paridahyate
TRANSLATION
My body is trembling and my hairs are standing on end. The bow (Gandiva) is falling away from my hand. My skin is becoming torrid.
TEXT 30
na ca saknomy avasthatum bhramativa ca me manah
nimittani ca pasyami viparitani keshava
TRANSLATION
I am now unable to keep composed, my mind is reeling. I see only dire indications of misfortune, O Krishna! Destroyer of the Keshi demon.
TEXT 31
na ca sreyo ’nupasyami hatva sva-janam ahave
na kankse vijayam Krishna na ca rajyam sukhani ca
TRANSLATION
I do not see any good in killing my own kinsmen in battle, nor can I, my dear Krishna, covet not victory, nor kingdom, nor pleasure.
TEXT 32 -35
kim no rajyena govinda kim bhogair jivitena va
yesham arthe kanksitam no rajyam bhogah sukhani ca
ta ime ’vasthita yuddhe pranams tyaktva dhanani ca
acaryah pitarah putras tathaiva ca pitamahah
matulah svasurah pautrah syalah sambandhinas tatha
etan na hantum icchami ghnato ’pi madhusudana
api trailokya-rajyasya hetoh kim nu mahi-krte
nihatya dhartarastran nah ka pritih syaj janardana
TRANSLATION
O Govinda! Of what use to us is kingdom, what is the value of happiness, pleasure or even life itself when those for whose sake we seek kingdom, prosperity and pleasure are arrayed her on the battlefield. Teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives are present in this battlefield staking their lives and kingdoms. O Krishna! Though they may kill me but why should I wish to kill them? I would not seek to slay them, even for the rule ship for the three worlds, let alone this earth. O Janardhana (Lord Krishna)! What delight will we derive from killing the sons of Dhritarashtra?
TEXT 36
papam evasrayed asman
hatvaitan atatayinah
tasman narha vayam hantum
dhartarastran sa-bandhavan
sva-janam hi katham hatva
sukhinah syama madhava
TRANSLATION
By killing these desperadoes, sin alone will attach us. O Madhava! Therefore it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our kinsmen; for how we can be happy by killing our own kinsmen?
TEXT 37-38
yady apy ete na pasyanti lobhopahata-cetasah
kula-ksaya-kritam dosam mitra-drohe ca patakam
katham na jneyam asmabhih papad asman nivartitum
kula-ksaya-kritam dosam prapasyadbhir janardana
TEXT 39
kula-ksaye pranasyanti kula-dharmah sanatanah
dharme naste kulam krtsnam adharmo ’bhibhavaty uta
TRANSLATION
With the destruction of a family, all its family spiritual traditions vanquish, and due to absence of traditions, impiety comes in the whole society.
TRANSLATION
O Janardana! Although these men, their understanding afflicted by greed do not see evil in destroying one’s own family or quarreling with friends, why should, who can clearly see the sin involved in destroying family members, not think to refrain from such a sin?
TEXT 40
adharmabhibhavat Krishna pradusyanti kula-striyah
strisu dustasu varsneya jayate varna-sankarah
TRANSLATION
When impiety prevails, O Krishna! The women of the family degrades, and then from the degradation of womanhood, O Descendant of Vrishni! Undesirable progeny results.
TEXT 41
sankaro narakayaiva kula-ghnanam kulasya ca
patanti pitaro hy esam lupta-pindodaka-kriyah
TRANSLATION
Increase of unwanted population leads to hellish life for the family and the destroyer the family tradition. The ancestors of such corrupt families fall down, because the performances for offering them food and water are entirely stopped.
TEXT 42
dosair etaih kula-ghnanam varna-sankara-karakaih
utsadyante jati-dharmah kula-dharmas ca sasvatah
TRANSLATION
The family traditions and family welfare activities of the destroyer of a family are exterminated because of the population of the unwanted offspring created by the bad deeds of these destroyers of kins.
TEXT 43
utsanna-kula-dharmanam manushyanam janardana
narake niyatam vaso bhavatity anususruma
TRANSLATION
O Krishna! I have heard from erudite that men who have lost their family traditions always dwell in hell indefinitely.
TEXT 44
aho bata mahat papam kartum vyavasita vayam
yad rajya-sukha-lobhena hantum sva-janam udyatah
TRANSLATION
Unfortunately! Strange it is that aggravated by desire of regal happiness and pleasure, we are prepared to commit great sins by killing our own kinsmen.
TEXT 45
yadi mam apratikaram ashastram shastra-panayah
dhartarastra rane hanyus tan me kshemataram bhavet
TRANSLATION
Indeed it would consider better for me if the sons of Dhritarashtra with weapons in hand were to kill me unarmed and unresisting on the battlefield.
TEXT 46
sanjaya uvaca
evam uktvarjunah sankhye rathopastha upavisat
visrjya sa-saram capam soka-samvigna-manasah
TRANSLATION
Sanjaya said:
Grief sticken Arjuna having thus spoken on the battlefield, cast aside his bow and arrows and sat down on the central part of the chariot.
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